Gorilla is an AI model, developed by Microsoft and UC Berkeley, that can autonomously interact with various online tools using API calls. Unlike other large language models, Gorilla can learn from online sources in real-time, adapt to changes, and handle complex tasks spanning different platforms. Explore its capabilities, understand its rise toward artificial general intelligence, and decide if it's the future of AI or just passing hype.

Become a Member of the channel and Supporter of AI Revolution → https://www.youtube.com/channe....l/UC5l7RouTQ60oUjLjt



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Si estás buscando un kit de modelado molecular, visita https://ve42.co/SnatomsV para probar Snatoms, un kit que inventé donde los átomos se unen magnéticamente.

Un agradecimiento enorme al Dr. Ben Conley y a todo el equipo del Centro de Guerra Naval Surface, División Crane. Puedes conocer más sobre su trabajo aquí: https://www.navsea.navy.mil/Home/Warf...


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Referencias del video:
Tyson, J. (2001). Cómo funciona la visión nocturna. How Stuff Works. - https://ve42.co/HSWNightVision
Montoro, H. P. Intensificación de imágenes: la tecnología de la visión nocturna. Photonics. - https://ve42.co/PhotonicsTech
Brain Stuff - HowStuffWorks a través de YouTube - https://ve42.co/HSWVideo
Photonis a través de YouTube - https://ve42.co/Photonis
Operator Drewski a través de YouTube - https://ve42.co/NVGaming
Dispositivo de visión nocturna a través de Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/NVWiki
Intensificador de imagen a través de Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/Intensifier
Lodriguss, J. Cómo funcionan las cámaras digitales. AstroPix. - https://ve42.co/AstroPix
Kinka-Byo. (2019). ¿Cuál es la causa física del aumento de ruido a ISO alto? StackExchange. - https://ve42.co/PhotoISO
Macias, A. (2015). Las NVG secretas que usó el SEAL Team Six en la incursión contra Bin Laden. Business Insider. - https://ve42.co/BINightVision
Van Dommelen, L. Emisión termoiónica. Mecánica cuántica para ingenieros. - https://ve42.co/Thermoionic
Nave, R. (2016). Radiación de cuerpo negro. HyperPhysics. - https://ve42.co/BlackBody
Terminología de visión nocturna - Generaciones. ModArmory. - https://ve42.co/ModArmory
NASA (2018). Detectores de rayos X - Detección de corriente eléctrica. - https://ve42.co/NASAXRay

Imágenes y videos:
Informe de Osama Bin Laden, a través de CNN en YouTube - https://ve42.co/CNNOBL
Escena de incursión nocturna de Sicario, a través de Movieclips en YouTube - https://ve42.co/Sicario
Metraje de Splinter Cell, a través de Ubisoft en YouTube - https://ve42.co/SplinterCell
Escena de visión nocturna de Step Brothers, a través de masusockvevo en YouTube - https://ve42.co/StepBrothers
Informe de Ucrania, a través de CNN en YouTube - https://ve42.co/CNNUkraine
Metraje de la cámara de imagen térmica FLIR K2, a través de Teledyne FLIR en YouTube - https://ve42.co/FLIRK2
Imágenes del Observatorio de rayos X Chandra, a través de la NASA - https://ve42.co/NASAChandra

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Agradecimientos especiales a nuestros seguidores de Patreon:
Adam Foreman, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bernard McGee, Bill Linder, Burt Humburg, Chris Harper, Dave Kircher, Diffbot, Evgeny Skvortsov, Gnare, John H. Austin, Jr., John Kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mario Bottion, Max Maladino, Meekay, Meg Noah, Michael Krugman, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures

▀▀▀
Dirigido por Emily Zhang
Escrito por Emily Zhang y Derek Muller
Editado por Trenton Oliver
Animado por Mike Radjabov, Fabio Albertelli e Ivy Tello
Filmado por Trenton Oliver, Emily Zhang, Derek Muller y Raquel Nuno
Producido por Emily Zhang y Derek Muller

Miniatura por Ren Hurley
Video/fotos adicionales proporcionados por Getty Images y Pond5
Música de Epidemic Sound

Video en Inglés del Canal @Veritasium: https://youtu.be/UAeJHAFjwPM

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🕹 Este canal de Youtube es administrado por: https://www.unilingo.tv/
❓Comentarios o sugerencias de traducción: info@unilingo.tv

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IQ is supposed to measure intelligence, but does it? Head to https://brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.

If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms – a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically – https://ve42.co/SnatomsV

▀▀▀
A huge thank you to Emeritus Professor Cecil R. Reynolds and Dr. Stuart J. Ritchie for their expertise and time.

Also a massive thank you to Prof. Steven Piantadosi and Prof. Alan S. Kaufman for helping us understand this complicated topic. As well as to Jay Zagrosky from Boston University's Questrom School of Business for providing data from his study.

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References:
Kaufman, A. S. (2009). IQ testing 101. Springer Publishing Company.

Reynolds, C. R., & Livingston, R. A. (2021). Mastering modern psychological testing. Springer International Publishing.

Ritchie, S. (2015). Intelligence: All that matters. John Murray.

Spearman, C. (1961). " General Intelligence" Objectively Determined and Measured. - https://ve42.co/Spearman1904

Binet, A., & Simon, T. (1907). Le développement de l'intelligence chez les enfants. L'Année psychologique, 14(1), 1-94.. - https://ve42.co/Binet1907

Intelligence Quotient, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/IQWiki

Radiolab Presents: G. - https://ve42.co/RadioLabG

McDaniel, M. A. (2005). Big-brained people are smarter: A meta-analysis of the relationship between in vivo brain volume and intelligence. Intelligence, 33(4), 337-346. - https://ve42.co/McDaniel2005

Deary, I. J., Strand, S., Smith, P., & Fernandes, C. (2007). Intelligence and educational achievement. Intelligence, 35(1), 13-21. - https://ve42.co/Deary2007

Lozano-Blasco, R., Quílez-Robres, A., Usán, P., Salavera, C., & Casanovas-López, R. (2022). Types of Intelligence and Academic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Intelligence, 10(4), 123. - https://ve42.co/Blasco2022

Kuncel, N. R., & Hezlett, S. A. (2010). Fact and fiction in cognitive ability testing for admissions and hiring decisions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(6), 339-345. - https://ve42.co/Kuncel2010

Laurence, J. H., & Ramsberger, P. F. (1991). Low-aptitude men in the military: Who profits, who pays?. Praeger Publishers. - https://ve42.co/Laurence1991

Gregory, H. (2015). McNamara's Folly: The Use of Low-IQ Troops in the Vietnam War; Plus the Induction of Unfit Men, Criminals, and Misfits. Infinity Publishing.

Gottfredson, L. S., & Deary, I. J. (2004). Intelligence predicts health and longevity, but why?. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(1), 1-4. - https://ve42.co/Gottfredson2004

Sanchez-Izquierdo, M., Fernandez-Ballesteros, R., Valeriano-Lorenzo, E. L., & Botella, J. (2023). Intelligence and life expectancy in late adulthood: A meta-analysis. Intelligence, 98, 101738. - https://ve42.co/Izquierdo2023

Zagorsky, J. L. (2007). Do you have to be smart to be rich? The impact of IQ on wealth, income and financial distress. Intelligence, 35(5), 489-501. - https://ve42.co/Zagorsky2007

Strenze, T. (2007). Intelligence and socioeconomic success: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal research. Intelligence, 35(5), 401-426. - https://ve42.co/Strenze2007

Deary, I. J., Pattie, A., & Starr, J. M. (2013). The stability of intelligence from age 11 to age 90 years: the Lothian birth cohort of 1921. Psychological science, 24(12), 2361-2368. - https://ve42.co/Deary2013

Flynn, J. R. (1987). Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure. Psychological bulletin, 101(2), 171. - https://ve42.co/Flynn1987

Why our IQ levels are higher than our grandparents' | James Flynn, TED via YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vpqilhW9uI

Duckworth, A. L., Quinn, P. D., Lynam, D. R., Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2011). Role of test motivation in intelligence testing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(19), 7716-7720. - https://ve42.co/Duckworth2011

Kulik, J. A., Bangert-Drowns, R. L., & Kulik, C. L. C. (1984). Effectiveness of coaching for aptitude tests. Psychological Bulletin, 95(2), 179. - https://ve42.co/Kulik1984

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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Amadeo Bee, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Benedikt Heinen, Bernard McGee, Bill Linder, Burt Humburg, Dave Kircher, Diffbot, Evgeny Skvortsov, Gnare, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, MaxPal, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures

▀▀▀
Written by Derek Muller, Casper Mebius, & Petr Lebedev
Edited by Trenton Oliver
Filmed by Derek Muller, Han Evans, & Raquel Nuno
Animation by Fabio Albertelli & Ivy Tello
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images & Pond5
Music from Epidemic Sound
Produced by Derek Muller, Casper Mebius, & Han Evans

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Please write back to us at sales@edureka.co or call us at IND: 9606058406 / US: +18338555775 (toll-free) for more information.

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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters! Join this list to help us keep our videos free, forever:
https://ve42.co/PatreonDEB

If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms – a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically – https://ve42.co/SnatomsV

▀▀▀
Huge thanks to Okouchi-San and Dr. Sakai and everyone at NIED and the Large Scale Rainfall Simulator for their time, expertise and access to this amazing facility.

A big thank you to Prof. Olga Mavrouli and Prof. Bill Schulz for their invaluable expertise on the mechanisms of landslides.

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References:
Ulbrich, C. W. (1983). Natural variations in the analytical form of the raindrop size distribution. Journal of climate and applied meteorology, 1764-1775. – https://ve42.co/Ulbrich83

Van Boxel, J. H. (1997, November). Numerical model for the fall speed of rain drops in a rain fall simulator. In Workshop on wind and water erosion (Vol. 5, pp. 77-85). – https://ve42.co/Boxel87

Canuti, P., Focardi, P., & Garzonio, C. (1985). Correlation between rainfall and landslides. Bulletin of Engineering Geology & the Environment, 32(1).

Tsaparas, I., Rahardjo, H., Toll, D. G., & Leong, E. C. (2002). Controlling parameters for rainfall-induced landslides. Computers and geotechnics, 29(1), 1-27. – https://ve42.co/Tsaparas2002

Nakamura, H., & Oosawa, M. (2021, March). Effects of the underground discharge channel/reservoir for small urban rivers in the Tokyo area. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 703, No. 1, p. 012029). IOP Publishing. – https://ve42.co/Nakamura21

Guthrie, R. H., & Evans, S. G. (2004). Magnitude and frequency of landslides triggered by a storm event, Loughborough Inlet, British Columbia. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 4(3), 475-483. – https://ve42.co/Guthrie2004

Images & Video:
Miyako, Iwate Tsunami via ANNnewsCH - https://ve42.co/Miyako2011
Mount Onake Volcano via BBC News - https://ve42.co/BBCOnake
Typhoon Jebi via Al Jazeera - https://ve42.co/TyphoonJebi
East Asia Typhoons via CBC News - https://ve42.co/TyphoonCBC
Atami Landslide via The Quint - https://ve42.co/Atami2021
Atami Landslide via news.com.au - https://ve42.co/2ndAtami2021
Sendai Earthquake via ANNnewsCH - https://ve42.co/SendaiQuake
Nagasaki Mudslide via The Telegrap - https://ve42.co/NagasakiMudslide
Wajima Landslide via Guardian News - https://ve42.co/WajimaLandslide
Drone Rainfall Test via AIZAWAchan - https://ve42.co/DroneRain
Car Rainfall Test via TIER IV - https://ve42.co/CarRainTest
Rainfall Simulator via NIED - https://ve42.co/RainfallSim1
External Footage of Simulator via NIED - https://ve42.co/RainfallSim2
Landslide Simulations via NIED - https://ve42.co/RainfallSim3
Typhoon Prapiroon via Force Thirteen - https://ve42.co/TyphoonPrapiroon
Yanohigashi Floods via CNA - https://ve42.co/YanohigashiFloods
Japan Floods via The Telegraph - https://ve42.co/TelegraphFlood
Japan Floods via euronew - https://ve42.co/EuroNewsFlood
Typhoon Hagibis via Guardian News - https://ve42.co/TyphoonHagibis
Typhoon Hagibis via SCMP - https://ve42.co/TyphoonHagibisSCMP
Satellite Imagery of Hagibis via Force Thirteen - https://ve42.co/HagibisSatellite
Tokyo Flood Control System via NikkeiAsia.com - https://ve42.co/FloodControl
Landslides Footage via Underworld - https://ve42.co/MonsterLandslides
Norway Landslide via ABC7 - https://ve42.co/NorwayLandslide
Planet Destruction via BBC - https://ve42.co/BBCDestruction
B.C. Climate Change Danger via CBC News - https://ve42.co/BCClimateChange
Canada’s Logging Roads via CBC News - https://ve42.co/CBCLogging

▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
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▀▀▀
Directed by Petr Lebedev
Written by Petr Lebedev
Edited by Peter Nelson
Additional Research by Gregor Čavlović
Animated by Fabio Albertelli
Illustrations by Jakub Misiek
Filmed by Petr Lebedev, Emily Zhang, Derek Muller
Produced by Petr Lebedev, Han Evans and Gregor Čavlović
Thumbnail by Peter Sheppard
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images
Music from Epidemic Sound

For decades, the Sleeping Beauty Problem has divided people between two answers. Head to https://brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 of you will get 20% off an annual premium subscription.

▀▀▀
Many thanks to Dr. Mike Titelbaum and Dr. Adam Elga for their insights into the problem.

▀▀▀
References:

Elga, A. (2000). Self-locating belief and the Sleeping Beauty problem. Analysis, 60(2), 143-147. - https://ve42.co/Elga2000

Lewis, D. (2001). Sleeping beauty: reply to Elga. Analysis, 61(3), 171-176. - https://ve42.co/Lewis2001

Winkler, P. (2017). The sleeping beauty controversy. The American Mathematical Monthly, 124(7), 579-587. - https://ve42.co/Winkler2017

Titelbaum, M. G. (2013). Ten reasons to care about the Sleeping Beauty problem. Philosophy Compass, 8(11), 1003-1017. - https://ve42.co/Titelbaum2013

Mutalik, P. (2016). Solution: ‘Sleeping Beauty’s Dilemma’, Quanta Magazine - https://ve42.co/MutalikQ2016

Rec.Puzzles - Some “Sleeping Beauty” Postings - https://ve42.co/SBRecPuzzles

The Sleeping Beauty Paradox, Statistics SE - https://ve42.co/SBPSSE

The Sleeping Beauty Problem, Reddit - https://ve42.co/SBPReddit

Sleeping Beauty paradox explained, GameFAQs - https://ve42.co/SBPGameFAQ

The Sleeping Beauty Problem, Physics Forums - https://ve42.co/SBPPhysicsForums

▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Tj Steyn, Meg Noah, Bernard McGee, KeyWestr, Elliot Miller, Brian Busbee, Jerome Barakos, M.D., Amadeo Bee, TTST, Balkrishna Heroor, Chris LaClair, John H. Austin, Jr., Eric Sexton, john kiehl, Anton Ragin, Benedikt Heinen, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Mac Malkawi, Mike Schneider, jim buckmaster, Juan Benet, Ubiquity Ventures, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi.

▀▀▀
Written by Emily Zhang, Derek Muller, Tamar Lichter Blanks
Edited by Fabio Albertelli
Animation by Ivy Tello, Fabio Albertelli, Jakub Misiek
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images & Pond5
Music from Epidemic Sound
Thumbnail by Ignat Berbeci
Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, Emily Zhang

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Энтропия Вселенной постоянно растёт. Почему — никто не знает, и в этом ролике ответа тоже не будет. Зато Дерек Маллер с канала Veritasium расскажет, что такое энтропия и как во Вселенной, где всё стремится к беспорядку, могла появиться столь сложная штука, как жизнь.

Перевод: Елена Смотрова
Редактура: Алексей Малов
Научная редактура: Кирилл Циберкин, Леонид Вокин
Озвучка: Дмитрий Чепусов, Лиза Чабан, Алексей Никитин, Дмитрий Машкович, Владимир Курдов
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Монтаж видео: Джон Исмаилов
Обложка: Андрей Гавриков

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Pavel Dunaev, Mikhail Stolpovskiy, Sergey Zhukov, Ira Kozlovskaya, Amir, opperatius, Куляш, Oleg Zingilevskiy, Таисия, Eugene Tsaplin, Мikhail Samin, Александр Кагановский, Vitaliy Vachynyuk, Ника Калмыкова, Pavel Parpura, Anton Bolotov, Katoto Chan, Anatoly Ressin, Ihar Marozau, Vadim Velicodnii, Irina Shakhverdova, Aleksei Shabalin, Artem Amirbekov, Victor Cazacov, Vladyslav Sokolenko, Oleksandr Hrebeniuk, Kirill Zaslavskii, Timur Sattarov, Alex Kulakov, Vladimir Sharich, Morock_D, Katya Ma, Alexander Goida, Maxim Korotkov, Leonid Steinberg, Anna Ostrovskaya, Artem Piskarev, Artem Sobolenkov, MaximML , Rekvet, Timophey Popov, Timur Rahmatulin, asdadasa, dv0, Адам Шифф, Александр Денисов, Арс Ник, Василий , Глеб Кочергин, Иван Новиков, Илья Зверев, Никита Омельницкий, Тимур Абдуллин, Alexander Lebedev, Lexx, Nikrodol, Rashn, Rincewind, Sonra44, Шурик Самара.

#vertdider #veritasium

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Разрешение на публикацию: https://bit.ly/2SFhrHZ
© https://www.youtube.com/c/veritasium/
Источник: https://youtu.be/DxL2HoqLbyA

Check out the latest (and most visual) video on this topic! The Celestial Mechanics of Attention Mechanisms: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RFdb2rKAqFw

Attention mechanisms are crucial to the huge boom LLMs have recently had.
In this video you'll see a friendly pictorial explanation of how attention mechanisms work in Large Language Models.

This is the first of a series of three videos on Transformer models.
Video 1: The attention mechanism in high level (this one)
Video 2: The attention mechanism with math: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPtG_38Oq8o
Video 3: Transformer models https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qaWMOYf4ri8

Learn more in LLM University! https://llm.university

The attention mechanism is what makes Large Language Models like ChatGPT or DeepSeek talk well. But how does it work? One can see it as a mechanism that uses similarity to figure out what parts of the text to pay more or less attention to. For this, we use word embeddings.
I like to see word embeddings as words flying around in the universe, like planets and stars. In this case, the attention mechanism (the Keys, Queries, and Values matrices) define the fabric of this universe, and the laws of gravity, that resemble (yet in some ways are very different) to the laws of gravity that rule our universe.
Come join me in this celestial adventure in the universe of language!

See other videos in this LLM series
The attention mechanism in LLMs: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OxCpWwDCDFQ
The math behind attention mechanisms: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UPtG_38Oq8o
Transformer models: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qaWMOYf4ri8

Get the Grokking Machine Learning book!
https://manning.com/books/grokking-ma...
Discount code (40%): serranoyt
(Use the discount code on checkout)

01:55 Similarity
02:12 Embeddings
04:56 Attention
07:14 Dot product
09:29 Cosine similarity
11:10 The Keys and Queries matrices
14:19 Compressing and stretching dimensions
18:50 Combining dimensions
23:14 Asymmetric pull
40:57 Multi-head attention
45:14 The Value matrix
49:24 Summary

Поддержать проект можно по ссылкам:
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Изобретать колесо, вроде как дело бесполезное, но что ещё остается, когда нужно отправить ровер на другую планету, а привычные нам колёса не выдерживают суровых условий: камеры лопаются, резина замерзает, да и весят они слишком уж много. Дерек Маллер с канала Veritasium заглянул в гости к специалистам из НАСА, которые как раз ищут решение этих проблем. Они работают с нитинолом — металлом с памятью формы и ещё несколькими уникальными свойствами, благодаря которым есть надежда создать колёса, готовые проехать по любому инопланетному бездорожью.

Перевод: Елена Смотрова
Редактура: Алексей Малов
Научная редактура: Леонид Вокин
Озвучка: Дмитрий Чепусов, Лиза Чабан, Алексей Никитин
Монтаж звука: Андрей Фокин
Монтаж видео: Джон Исмаилов
Обложка: Андрей Гавриков

Спасибо за поддержку на https://www.patreon.com/VertDider и https://boosty.to/vertdider
Озвучки Vert Dider выходят с вашей помощью:

Pavel Dunaev, Mikhail Stolpovskiy, Sergey Zhukov, Ira Kozlovskaya, Amir, Dmitrii Komarevtsev, Pavel Parpura, Мikhail Samin, Roman Inflianskas, Oleg Zingilevskiy, opperatius, Alena, Aleksandr P., Ника Калмыкова, Vitaliy Vachynyuk, Куляш, Anatoly Ressin, Anton Bolotov, JIukaviy, Katoto Chan, Eugene Tsaplin, Anpat, angel, Victor Cazacov, Timur Sattarov, Kirill Zaslavskii, Janis Riekstins, Ihar Marozau, Artem Amirbekov, Dzmitryi Halyava, Aleksei Shabalin, Vladyslav Sokolenko, Vadim Velicodnii, Kseniya Stukova, Irina Shakhverdova, POD666, Alex Kulakov, Stanislav Obrazcoff, Sergey P, Павел Приступа, Anna Ostrovskaya, Oleksandr Hrebeniuk, Leonid Steinberg, Ilya, Alexander Goida, Katya Ma, Morock_D, Evgeny Vrublevsky, Сергей Платоненко, Валентин Ильин, Владимир Ямщиков, Мария Зверева, Адам Шифф, Rashn, Roman Gelingen, Сергей Клопов, Rashn, Nikrodol, Rincewind, Lexx, Alexander Lebedev, Sonra44, Шурик Самара, Ranis Zaripov, Alexey Tyurnin, Anastasiya Zotova, Anton G, Dmitry Perekalin, Vadim, Владимир Авдиев, MaximML , Timophey Popov, Иван Новиков, Арс Ник, Никита Омельницкий, Rekvet, Илья Зверев, Точка Зрения, Artem Sobolenkov, Artem Piskarev, Timur Rahmatulin, Тимур Абдуллин, Timur Rahmatulin, Глеб Кочергин, Адам Шифф, Василий , Никита Омельницкий, Alexey Sklyar.

#vertdider #veritasium

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© https://www.youtube.com/c/veritasium/
Источник: https://youtu.be/vSNtifE0Z2Q

국소적으로 낮은 엔트로피 수준을 가진 시스템에 저장되었다가 높은 엔트로피 수준으로 퍼져간다는 표현이 좀 더 정확할 테지만 이해를 위해 쉽게 풀었습니다.

One of the most important, yet least understood, concepts in all of physics. Head to https://brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.

If you're looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms - a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically: https://snatoms.com

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A huge thank you to those who helped us understand different aspects of this complicated topic - Dr. Ashmeet Singh, Supriya Krishnamurthy, Dr. Jos Thijssen, Dr. Bijoy Bera, Dr. Timon Idema, Álvaro Bermejillo Seco and Dr. Misha Titov.

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References:
Carnot, S. (1824). Reflections on the motive power of heat: and on machines fitted to develop that power. - https://ve42.co/Carnot1890

Harnessing The True Power Of Atoms | Order And Disorder Documentaries, Spark via YouTube - https://ve42.co/OrderDisorder

A better description of entropy, Steve Mould via YouTube - https://ve42.co/Mould2016

Dugdale, J. S. (1996). Entropy and its physical meaning. CRC Press. - https://ve42.co/Dugdale1996

Schroeder, D. V. (1999). An introduction to thermal physics. - https://ve42.co/Schroeder2021

Fowler, M. Heat Engines: the Carnot Cycle, University of Virginia. - https://ve42.co/Fowler2023

Chandler, D.L. (2010). Explained: The Carnot Limit, MIT News - https://ve42.co/Chandler2010

Entropy, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/EntropyWiki

Clausius, R. (1867). The mechanical theory of heat. Van Voorst. - https://ve42.co/Clausius1867

What is entropy? TED-Ed via YouTube - https://ve42.co/Phillips2017

Thijssen, J. (2018) Lecture Notes Statistical Physics, TU Delft.

Schneider, E. D., & Kay, J. J. (1994). Life as a manifestation of the second law of thermodynamics. Mathematical and computer modelling, 19(6-8), 25-48. - https://ve42.co/Schneider1994

Lineweaver, C. H., & Egan, C. A. (2008). Life, gravity and the second law of thermodynamics. Physics of Life Reviews, 5(4), 225-242. - https://ve42.co/Lineweaver2008

Michaelian, K. (2012). HESS Opinions" Biological catalysis of the hydrological cycle: life's thermodynamic function". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16(8), 2629-2645. - https://ve42.co/Michaelian2012

England, J. L. (2013). Statistical physics of self-replication. The Journal of chemical physics, 139(12), 09B623_1. - https://ve42.co/England2013

England, J. L. (2015). Dissipative adaptation in driven self-assembly. Nature nanotechnology, 10(11), 919-923. - https://ve42.co/England2015

Wolchover, N. (2014). A New Physics Theory of Life, Quantamagazine - https://ve42.co/Wolchover2014

Lineweaver, C. H. (2013). The entropy of the universe and the maximum entropy production principle. In Beyond the Second Law: Entropy Production and Non-equilibrium Systems (pp. 415-427). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - https://ve42.co/LineweaverEntropy

Bekenstein, J.D. (1972). Black holes and the second law. Lett. Nuovo Cimento 4, 737–740. - https://ve42.co/Bekenstein1972

Carroll, S.M. (2022). The Biggest Ideas in the Universe: Space, Time, and Motion. Penguin Publishing Group. - https://ve42.co/Carroll2022

Black hole thermodynamics, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/BlackHoleTD

Cosmology and the arrow of time: Sean Carroll at TEDxCaltech, TEDx Talks via YouTube - https://ve42.co/CarrollTEDx

Carroll, S. M. (2008). The cosmic origins of time’s arrow. Scientific American, 298(6), 48-57. - https://ve42.co/Carroll2008

The Passage of Time and the Meaning of Life | Sean Carroll (Talk + Q&A), Long Now Foundation via YouTube - https://ve42.co/CarrollLNF

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Emil Abu Milad, Tj Steyn, meg noah, Bernard McGee, KeyWestr, Amadeo Bee, TTST, Balkrishna Heroor, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Anton Ragin, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Mac Malkawi, Juan Benet, Ubiquity Ventures, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Sam Lutfi.

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Written by Casper Mebius, Derek Muller & Petr Lebedev
Edited by Trenton Oliver & Jamie MacLeod
Animated by Mike Radjabov, Ivy Tello, Fabio Albertelli and Jakub Misiek
Filmed by Derek Muller, Albert Leung & Raquel Nuno
Molecular collisions video by CSIRO's Data61 via YouTube: Simulation of air
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Pond5 and by courtesy of NASA, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Goddard Flight Lab/ CI Lab, NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, HMI, and WMAP science teams. As well as the Advanced Visualization Laboratory at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, B. Robertson, L. Hernquist
Music from Epidemic Sound & Jonny Hyman
Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, Emily Zhang, & Casper Mebius

Помощь проекту: https://www.patreon.com/VertDider

Правоохранительные органы США теперь умеют искать подозреваемых по образцам генетического материала с места преступления, даже если информации о найденной ДНК нет ни в одной базе. Если какой-нибудь дальний родственник сделал генетический тест и разрешил доступ к исходным данным — этого будет достаточно. Таким образом можно раскрывать страшные преступления, но сам метод вызывает серьёзные опасения у сторонников неприкосновенности личных данных. В том, где проводить границу между безопасностью и приватностью, пытается разобраться Дерек Маллер в новом видео.

Перевод: Елена Смотрова
Редактура: Алексей Малов
Научная редактура: Гор Гиноян
Озвучка: Дмитрий Чепусов, Юрий Катарманов, Алексей Никитин, Дмитрий Машкович, Алёна Соколова
Монтаж звука: Андрей Фокин
Монтаж видео: Джон Исмаилов
Обложка: Андрей Гавриков

Спасибо за поддержку на https://www.patreon.com/VertDider
Озвучки Vert Dider выходят с вашей помощью:

Maria Zvereva, Pavel Dunaev, Nick Denizhenko, Oleksii Leonov, Yegor Barakovskiy, Mikhail Stolpovskiy, Kirill Seleznev, Dmitrii komarevtsev, toshego, Sergey Skrypnyk, Illarion Petrov, Andrew Dzhur, Евгений Колмаков, Andrey Chizh, Linar Khusnullin, Дмитрий Глазнев, Кирилл Л, Anton Borkovski, Ilya, smiler, Антон Малинин, Roman Inflianskas, Maxim Syunikov, Oleg Zingilevskiy, Serega Beltser, Rashid Nasibulin, opperatius, Alena, Vitaliy Vachynyuk, Ника Калмыкова, Евгений Сельменев, Sergii Cherepanov, Владимир Кашутин, Pavel Parpura, Anton Bolotov, Yevhen, Sergei W, Kosoy, Михаил Панькин, Katoto Chan, Anton Makiievskyi, Ivan Bondarenko, Kristopher Nolan, Alexander Kulikov, KIM TKHE SIK, Полина Маркина, Евгений, Сергей Андреев, Leonid Korobov, mol9ko, Аддон, Irina Slavgorodskaya, Arthur Skobara, 666.13FM, Andrew Rumyantsev, Marianna Sumina, Мария Баранова, Maxim Arkushin, Дмитрий, Oleg Kovalov, Vadim Cpp, Roman Rogachev, Artem Amirbekov, Dzmitryi Halyava, Nastya, POD666, Aleksei Shabalin, Timophey Popov, Лиля Малкова, Natalie Kulinicheva, Marat Bakirov, Ирина Завтонова, Anastasia, Andrey Istomin, Ирина Анатольевна Чулкова, Pavel Golovin, Vadim Velicodnii, Анна Троссман, Serj Skidan, L Marchenko, Nadia Kilgishova, Andrey Rusanov, Inna Klymenko, Dmitriy Lashtaba, Ilya Alexeevsky, Alexander Balynskiy, Максим Иванов, Ihar Marozau, Alexander, Maria Tronina, Alexander Gorodok, Ivan Iakimov, Alexander Zimin, Otto Kester, Claudia Barzaeva, Lirin Alex, Konstantin Pesyakov, Viktoria, Olga Podolskaya, Alexey Kukushkin, F23D24, Пугачёв Пётр, Olga Shistareva, Alex Katkov, Irina Shakhverdova, Dmitriy Omelyansky, Aleksey Sazonov, Vladimir Goshev, Vladyslav Sokolenko, Anton Novozhenin, Spartak Kagramanyan, Александр Фалалеев, Evgeny Vrublevsky, angel

#VertDider #Veritasium

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Разрешение на публикацию: https://bit.ly/2SFhrHZ
© https://www.youtube.com/c/veritasium/
Источник: https://youtu.be/KT18KJouHWg

🔥Edureka Tensorflow Training - https://www.edureka.co/ai-deep....-learning-with-tenso
This Edureka TensorFlow TFLearn Tutorial video (Blog: https://goo.gl/4zxMfU) will help you in understanding basics of TFLearn with examples.
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Visitamos la Armada de los Estados Unidos para probar los mejores anteojos de visión nocturna del mundo. Dirígete a https://brilliant.org/veritasium para comenzar tu prueba gratuita de 30 días, y las primeras 200 personas obtendrán un 20% de descuento en una suscripción premium anual.

Si estás buscando un kit de modelado molecular, visita https://ve42.co/SnatomsV para probar Snatoms, un kit que inventé donde los átomos se unen magnéticamente.

Un agradecimiento enorme al Dr. Ben Conley y a todo el equipo del Centro de Guerra Naval Surface, División Crane. Puedes conocer más sobre su trabajo aquí: https://www.navsea.navy.mil/Home/Warf...


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Referencias del video:
Tyson, J. (2001). Cómo funciona la visión nocturna. How Stuff Works. - https://ve42.co/HSWNightVision
Montoro, H. P. Intensificación de imágenes: la tecnología de la visión nocturna. Photonics. - https://ve42.co/PhotonicsTech
Brain Stuff - HowStuffWorks a través de YouTube - https://ve42.co/HSWVideo
Photonis a través de YouTube - https://ve42.co/Photonis
Operator Drewski a través de YouTube - https://ve42.co/NVGaming
Dispositivo de visión nocturna a través de Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/NVWiki
Intensificador de imagen a través de Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/Intensifier
Lodriguss, J. Cómo funcionan las cámaras digitales. AstroPix. - https://ve42.co/AstroPix
Kinka-Byo. (2019). ¿Cuál es la causa física del aumento de ruido a ISO alto? StackExchange. - https://ve42.co/PhotoISO
Macias, A. (2015). Las NVG secretas que usó el SEAL Team Six en la incursión contra Bin Laden. Business Insider. - https://ve42.co/BINightVision
Van Dommelen, L. Emisión termoiónica. Mecánica cuántica para ingenieros. - https://ve42.co/Thermoionic
Nave, R. (2016). Radiación de cuerpo negro. HyperPhysics. - https://ve42.co/BlackBody
Terminología de visión nocturna - Generaciones. ModArmory. - https://ve42.co/ModArmory
NASA (2018). Detectores de rayos X - Detección de corriente eléctrica. - https://ve42.co/NASAXRay

Imágenes y videos:
Informe de Osama Bin Laden, a través de CNN en YouTube - https://ve42.co/CNNOBL
Escena de incursión nocturna de Sicario, a través de Movieclips en YouTube - https://ve42.co/Sicario
Metraje de Splinter Cell, a través de Ubisoft en YouTube - https://ve42.co/SplinterCell
Escena de visión nocturna de Step Brothers, a través de masusockvevo en YouTube - https://ve42.co/StepBrothers
Informe de Ucrania, a través de CNN en YouTube - https://ve42.co/CNNUkraine
Metraje de la cámara de imagen térmica FLIR K2, a través de Teledyne FLIR en YouTube - https://ve42.co/FLIRK2
Imágenes del Observatorio de rayos X Chandra, a través de la NASA - https://ve42.co/NASAChandra

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1. Деякі пігменти вибірково поглинають УФ, тому вони можуть здаватися світлими у видимому світлі, але темними в УФ. Зазвичай пігменти розсіюють УФ-енергію як тепло, але також може відбуватися розрив внутрішньомолекулярних зв’язків.
2. Флуоресцентні молекули поглинають УФ випромінювання і повторно випромінюють цю енергію як видиме світло. Це робить їх темними в УФ діапазоні, і змушує світитися видимим світлом під дією УФ випромінювання.
3. Ультрафіолетове світло розсіюється сильніше, ніж видиме світло, оскільки довжина хвилі менша, а релеївське розсіювання обернено пропорційне довжині хвилі в четвертому степені.

✅Текст читали: Ігор Анісімов (AdrianZp) та Мар’яна Янкевич (MariAm Blog).
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References:
Overview of main UV effects:
Visualizing Rayleigh Scattering through UV Photography
https://watermark.silverchair.....com/bams-d-14-00260_
Arctic animals are photographed in the UV to increase visibility and get an accurate count:
Lavigne, D. (1976). Counting Harp Seals with ultra-violet photography. Polar Record, 18(114), 269-277. doi:10.1017/S0032247400000310
Absorption spectrum of melanin: https://www.cl.cam.ac.uk/~jgd1000/melanin.html
"The spectroscopy of human melanin pigmentation," by N. Kollias. In: Melanin: Its Role in Human Photoprotection, pp. 31 - 38. Valdenmar Publishing Co. (1995).
"Optical properties of human sclera, and their consequences for transscleral laser applications," by A. Vogel, C. Dlugos, and R. Nuffer, Lasers in Surgery and Medicine 11(4), pp. 331 - 340 (1991).
"The incidence and time-course of latanoprost-induced iridial pigmentation as a function of eye color," by P. Wistrand, J. Stjernschantz, and K. Olsson, Survey of Ophthalmology 41(S2), pp. S129 - S138 (1997).