Curiosity
One of the most important, yet least understood, concepts in all of physics. Head to https://brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.
If you're looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms - a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically: https://snatoms.com
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A huge thank you to those who helped us understand different aspects of this complicated topic - Dr. Ashmeet Singh, Supriya Krishnamurthy, Dr. Jos Thijssen, Dr. Bijoy Bera, Dr. Timon Idema, Álvaro Bermejillo Seco and Dr. Misha Titov.
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References:
Carnot, S. (1824). Reflections on the motive power of heat: and on machines fitted to develop that power. - https://ve42.co/Carnot1890
Harnessing The True Power Of Atoms | Order And Disorder Documentaries, Spark via YouTube - https://ve42.co/OrderDisorder
A better description of entropy, Steve Mould via YouTube - https://ve42.co/Mould2016
Dugdale, J. S. (1996). Entropy and its physical meaning. CRC Press. - https://ve42.co/Dugdale1996
Schroeder, D. V. (1999). An introduction to thermal physics. - https://ve42.co/Schroeder2021
Fowler, M. Heat Engines: the Carnot Cycle, University of Virginia. - https://ve42.co/Fowler2023
Chandler, D.L. (2010). Explained: The Carnot Limit, MIT News - https://ve42.co/Chandler2010
Entropy, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/EntropyWiki
Clausius, R. (1867). The mechanical theory of heat. Van Voorst. - https://ve42.co/Clausius1867
What is entropy? TED-Ed via YouTube - https://ve42.co/Phillips2017
Thijssen, J. (2018) Lecture Notes Statistical Physics, TU Delft.
Schneider, E. D., & Kay, J. J. (1994). Life as a manifestation of the second law of thermodynamics. Mathematical and computer modelling, 19(6-8), 25-48. - https://ve42.co/Schneider1994
Lineweaver, C. H., & Egan, C. A. (2008). Life, gravity and the second law of thermodynamics. Physics of Life Reviews, 5(4), 225-242. - https://ve42.co/Lineweaver2008
Michaelian, K. (2012). HESS Opinions" Biological catalysis of the hydrological cycle: life's thermodynamic function". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, 16(8), 2629-2645. - https://ve42.co/Michaelian2012
England, J. L. (2013). Statistical physics of self-replication. The Journal of chemical physics, 139(12), 09B623_1. - https://ve42.co/England2013
England, J. L. (2015). Dissipative adaptation in driven self-assembly. Nature nanotechnology, 10(11), 919-923. - https://ve42.co/England2015
Wolchover, N. (2014). A New Physics Theory of Life, Quantamagazine - https://ve42.co/Wolchover2014
Lineweaver, C. H. (2013). The entropy of the universe and the maximum entropy production principle. In Beyond the Second Law: Entropy Production and Non-equilibrium Systems (pp. 415-427). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - https://ve42.co/LineweaverEntropy
Bekenstein, J.D. (1972). Black holes and the second law. Lett. Nuovo Cimento 4, 737–740. - https://ve42.co/Bekenstein1972
Carroll, S.M. (2022). The Biggest Ideas in the Universe: Space, Time, and Motion. Penguin Publishing Group. - https://ve42.co/Carroll2022
Black hole thermodynamics, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/BlackHoleTD
Cosmology and the arrow of time: Sean Carroll at TEDxCaltech, TEDx Talks via YouTube - https://ve42.co/CarrollTEDx
Carroll, S. M. (2008). The cosmic origins of time’s arrow. Scientific American, 298(6), 48-57. - https://ve42.co/Carroll2008
The Passage of Time and the Meaning of Life | Sean Carroll (Talk + Q&A), Long Now Foundation via YouTube - https://ve42.co/CarrollLNF
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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Emil Abu Milad, Tj Steyn, meg noah, Bernard McGee, KeyWestr, Amadeo Bee, TTST, Balkrishna Heroor, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Anton Ragin, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Mac Malkawi, Juan Benet, Ubiquity Ventures, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Sam Lutfi.
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Written by Casper Mebius, Derek Muller & Petr Lebedev
Edited by Trenton Oliver & Jamie MacLeod
Animated by Mike Radjabov, Ivy Tello, Fabio Albertelli and Jakub Misiek
Filmed by Derek Muller, Albert Leung & Raquel Nuno
Molecular collisions video by CSIRO's Data61 via YouTube: Simulation of air
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Pond5 and by courtesy of NASA, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Goddard Flight Lab/ CI Lab, NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, HMI, and WMAP science teams. As well as the Advanced Visualization Laboratory at the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, B. Robertson, L. Hernquist
Music from Epidemic Sound & Jonny Hyman
Produced by Derek Muller, Petr Lebedev, Emily Zhang, & Casper Mebius
IQ is supposed to measure intelligence, but does it? Head to https://brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.
If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms – a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically – https://ve42.co/SnatomsV
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A huge thank you to Emeritus Professor Cecil R. Reynolds and Dr. Stuart J. Ritchie for their expertise and time.
Also a massive thank you to Prof. Steven Piantadosi and Prof. Alan S. Kaufman for helping us understand this complicated topic. As well as to Jay Zagrosky from Boston University's Questrom School of Business for providing data from his study.
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References:
Kaufman, A. S. (2009). IQ testing 101. Springer Publishing Company.
Reynolds, C. R., & Livingston, R. A. (2021). Mastering modern psychological testing. Springer International Publishing.
Ritchie, S. (2015). Intelligence: All that matters. John Murray.
Spearman, C. (1961). " General Intelligence" Objectively Determined and Measured. - https://ve42.co/Spearman1904
Binet, A., & Simon, T. (1907). Le développement de l'intelligence chez les enfants. L'Année psychologique, 14(1), 1-94.. - https://ve42.co/Binet1907
Intelligence Quotient, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/IQWiki
Radiolab Presents: G. - https://ve42.co/RadioLabG
McDaniel, M. A. (2005). Big-brained people are smarter: A meta-analysis of the relationship between in vivo brain volume and intelligence. Intelligence, 33(4), 337-346. - https://ve42.co/McDaniel2005
Deary, I. J., Strand, S., Smith, P., & Fernandes, C. (2007). Intelligence and educational achievement. Intelligence, 35(1), 13-21. - https://ve42.co/Deary2007
Lozano-Blasco, R., Quílez-Robres, A., Usán, P., Salavera, C., & Casanovas-López, R. (2022). Types of Intelligence and Academic Performance: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Intelligence, 10(4), 123. - https://ve42.co/Blasco2022
Kuncel, N. R., & Hezlett, S. A. (2010). Fact and fiction in cognitive ability testing for admissions and hiring decisions. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 19(6), 339-345. - https://ve42.co/Kuncel2010
Laurence, J. H., & Ramsberger, P. F. (1991). Low-aptitude men in the military: Who profits, who pays?. Praeger Publishers. - https://ve42.co/Laurence1991
Gregory, H. (2015). McNamara's Folly: The Use of Low-IQ Troops in the Vietnam War; Plus the Induction of Unfit Men, Criminals, and Misfits. Infinity Publishing.
Gottfredson, L. S., & Deary, I. J. (2004). Intelligence predicts health and longevity, but why?. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(1), 1-4. - https://ve42.co/Gottfredson2004
Sanchez-Izquierdo, M., Fernandez-Ballesteros, R., Valeriano-Lorenzo, E. L., & Botella, J. (2023). Intelligence and life expectancy in late adulthood: A meta-analysis. Intelligence, 98, 101738. - https://ve42.co/Izquierdo2023
Zagorsky, J. L. (2007). Do you have to be smart to be rich? The impact of IQ on wealth, income and financial distress. Intelligence, 35(5), 489-501. - https://ve42.co/Zagorsky2007
Strenze, T. (2007). Intelligence and socioeconomic success: A meta-analytic review of longitudinal research. Intelligence, 35(5), 401-426. - https://ve42.co/Strenze2007
Deary, I. J., Pattie, A., & Starr, J. M. (2013). The stability of intelligence from age 11 to age 90 years: the Lothian birth cohort of 1921. Psychological science, 24(12), 2361-2368. - https://ve42.co/Deary2013
Flynn, J. R. (1987). Massive IQ gains in 14 nations: What IQ tests really measure. Psychological bulletin, 101(2), 171. - https://ve42.co/Flynn1987
Why our IQ levels are higher than our grandparents' | James Flynn, TED via YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9vpqilhW9uI
Duckworth, A. L., Quinn, P. D., Lynam, D. R., Loeber, R., & Stouthamer-Loeber, M. (2011). Role of test motivation in intelligence testing. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 108(19), 7716-7720. - https://ve42.co/Duckworth2011
Kulik, J. A., Bangert-Drowns, R. L., & Kulik, C. L. C. (1984). Effectiveness of coaching for aptitude tests. Psychological Bulletin, 95(2), 179. - https://ve42.co/Kulik1984
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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Amadeo Bee, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Benedikt Heinen, Bernard McGee, Bill Linder, Burt Humburg, Dave Kircher, Diffbot, Evgeny Skvortsov, Gnare, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, MaxPal, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures
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Written by Derek Muller, Casper Mebius, & Petr Lebedev
Edited by Trenton Oliver
Filmed by Derek Muller, Han Evans, & Raquel Nuno
Animation by Fabio Albertelli & Ivy Tello
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images & Pond5
Music from Epidemic Sound
Produced by Derek Muller, Casper Mebius, & Han Evans
This is a video about some of the many times we have nearly blown up the world. Head over to
https://hensonshaving.com/veritasium and enter code 'Veritasium' for 100 free blades with the purchase of a razor. Make sure to add both the razor and the blades to your cart for the code to take effect.
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References:
List of Broken Arrows -- https://ve42.co/AtomicArchive https://ve42.co/BrokenArrowsReport
Declassified Goldsboro Report -- https://ve42.co/Goldsboro
Operation ChromeDome -- https://ve42.co/OperationChromeDome
CIA website -- https://ve42.co/CIA
Cataclysmic cargo: The hunt for four missing nuclear bombs after a B-52 crash -- https://ve42.co/WoPo
THE LAST FLIGHT OF HOBO 28 -- https://ve42.co/lastflight
The Voice of Larry Messinger is from this documentary -- https://ve42.co/Messinger
Even Without Detonation, 4 Hydrogen Bombs From ’66 Scar Spanish Village -- https://ve42.co/NYTPalomares
Decades Later, Sickness Among Airmen After a Hydrogen Bomb Accident -- https://ve42.co/NYTPalomares2
Picture of ReVelle -- https://ve42.co/JackReVelle1
Great NPR where the audio of ReVelle is from -- https://ve42.co/JackReVelle2
CIA Website -- https://ve42.co/CIA
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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bernard McGee, Bill Linder, Burt Humburg, Dave Kircher, Diffbot, Evgeny Skvortsov, Gnare, Jesse Brandsoy, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mario Bottion, MaxPal, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures
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Directed by Petr Lebedev
Written by Petr Lebedev and Derek Muller
Edited by Peter Nelson
Animated by Fabio Albertelli, Jakub Misiek, Ivy Tello and Mike Radjabov
Filmed by Derek Muller
Produced by Petr Lebedev and Derek Muller
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Pond5
Music from Epidemic Sound
SUSCRÍBETE para ver todos nuestros videos: @VeritasiumES
Visitamos la Armada de los Estados Unidos para probar los mejores anteojos de visión nocturna del mundo. Dirígete a https://brilliant.org/veritasium para comenzar tu prueba gratuita de 30 días, y las primeras 200 personas obtendrán un 20% de descuento en una suscripción premium anual.
Si estás buscando un kit de modelado molecular, visita https://ve42.co/SnatomsV para probar Snatoms, un kit que inventé donde los átomos se unen magnéticamente.
Un agradecimiento enorme al Dr. Ben Conley y a todo el equipo del Centro de Guerra Naval Surface, División Crane. Puedes conocer más sobre su trabajo aquí: https://www.navsea.navy.mil/Home/Warf...
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Referencias del video:
Tyson, J. (2001). Cómo funciona la visión nocturna. How Stuff Works. - https://ve42.co/HSWNightVision
Montoro, H. P. Intensificación de imágenes: la tecnología de la visión nocturna. Photonics. - https://ve42.co/PhotonicsTech
Brain Stuff - HowStuffWorks a través de YouTube - https://ve42.co/HSWVideo
Photonis a través de YouTube - https://ve42.co/Photonis
Operator Drewski a través de YouTube - https://ve42.co/NVGaming
Dispositivo de visión nocturna a través de Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/NVWiki
Intensificador de imagen a través de Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/Intensifier
Lodriguss, J. Cómo funcionan las cámaras digitales. AstroPix. - https://ve42.co/AstroPix
Kinka-Byo. (2019). ¿Cuál es la causa física del aumento de ruido a ISO alto? StackExchange. - https://ve42.co/PhotoISO
Macias, A. (2015). Las NVG secretas que usó el SEAL Team Six en la incursión contra Bin Laden. Business Insider. - https://ve42.co/BINightVision
Van Dommelen, L. Emisión termoiónica. Mecánica cuántica para ingenieros. - https://ve42.co/Thermoionic
Nave, R. (2016). Radiación de cuerpo negro. HyperPhysics. - https://ve42.co/BlackBody
Terminología de visión nocturna - Generaciones. ModArmory. - https://ve42.co/ModArmory
NASA (2018). Detectores de rayos X - Detección de corriente eléctrica. - https://ve42.co/NASAXRay
Imágenes y videos:
Informe de Osama Bin Laden, a través de CNN en YouTube - https://ve42.co/CNNOBL
Escena de incursión nocturna de Sicario, a través de Movieclips en YouTube - https://ve42.co/Sicario
Metraje de Splinter Cell, a través de Ubisoft en YouTube - https://ve42.co/SplinterCell
Escena de visión nocturna de Step Brothers, a través de masusockvevo en YouTube - https://ve42.co/StepBrothers
Informe de Ucrania, a través de CNN en YouTube - https://ve42.co/CNNUkraine
Metraje de la cámara de imagen térmica FLIR K2, a través de Teledyne FLIR en YouTube - https://ve42.co/FLIRK2
Imágenes del Observatorio de rayos X Chandra, a través de la NASA - https://ve42.co/NASAChandra
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Agradecimientos especiales a nuestros seguidores de Patreon:
Adam Foreman, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bernard McGee, Bill Linder, Burt Humburg, Chris Harper, Dave Kircher, Diffbot, Evgeny Skvortsov, Gnare, John H. Austin, Jr., John Kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mario Bottion, Max Maladino, Meekay, Meg Noah, Michael Krugman, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures
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Dirigido por Emily Zhang
Escrito por Emily Zhang y Derek Muller
Editado por Trenton Oliver
Animado por Mike Radjabov, Fabio Albertelli e Ivy Tello
Filmado por Trenton Oliver, Emily Zhang, Derek Muller y Raquel Nuno
Producido por Emily Zhang y Derek Muller
Miniatura por Ren Hurley
Video/fotos adicionales proporcionados por Getty Images y Pond5
Música de Epidemic Sound
Video en Inglés del Canal @Veritasium: https://youtu.be/UAeJHAFjwPM
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YES, THIS IS A REUPLOAD. The original was age-restricted and demonetized. To support the channel directly, you can buy Snatoms: https://ve42.co/snatoms1 https://ve42.co/amzn or support on Patreon: https://ve42.co/p
Fritz Haber is the scientist who arguably most transformed the world.
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A huge thanks to Dan Charles for writing a fantastic biography of Fritz Haber, for taking the time to talk to us about it, and providing valuable feedback. This video would not be what it is without his contributions. http://site.danielcharles.us https://ve42.co/Charles
Thanks to Tom de Prinse from Explosions and Fire for helping us with the chemistry of explosives. If you like explosions and/or fire, you will love his channel. https://www.youtube.com/c/ExplosionsFire2
Thanks to Michael Kuiper of CSIRO for the animation of the composition of air - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j9JvX58aRfg
Special thanks to Sonya Pemberton, Karl Kruszelnicki, Mary Dobbie, Olivia McRae, and the patreon supporters for giving us feedback on the earlier version of this video.
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References:
The primary reference used is Vaclav Smil’s excellent book, Enriching The Earth –
Smil, V. (2004). Enriching the earth: Fritz Haber, Carl Bosch, and the transformation of world food production. MIT press. – https://ve42.co/Smil
Mastermind: The Rise and Fall of Fritz Haber, the Nobel Laureate Who Launched the Age of Chemical Warfare, by Dan Charles – https://ve42.co/Charles
Stoltzenberg, D. (2004). Fritz Haber: Chemist, Nobel Laureate, German, Jew. Chemical Heritage Foundation. – https://ve42.co/Stoltzenberg
Postgate, J. R. (1982). The fundamentals of nitrogen fixation. CUP Archive. – https://ve42.co/postgate
Miles, A. G. (1992). Biological nitrogen fixation. – https://ve42.co/Miles
Friedrich, B., & Hoffmann, D. (2017). Clara Immerwahr: A life in the shadow of Fritz Haber. In One Hundred Years of Chemical Warfare: Research, Deployment, Consequences(pp. 45-67). Springer, Cham. – https://ve42.co/Friedrich2017
Da Silva, G. (2020). What is ammonium nitrate, the chemical that exploded in Beirut. Sci Am, 5. – https://ve42.co/Silva
Rodrigues, P., & Micael, J. (2021). The importance of guano birds to the Inca Empire and the first conservation measures implemented by humans. – https://ve42.co/rodrigues
Allison, F. E. (1957). Nitrogen and soil fertility. Soil, the, 85-94. – https://ve42.co/Allison
Crookes, W. (1898). Address of the President before the British Association for the Advancement of Science, Bristol, 1898. Science, 8(200), 561-575. – https://ve42.co/Crookes
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Special thanks to Patreon supporters: RayJ Johnson, Brian Busbee, Jerome Barakos M.D., Amadeo Bee, Julian Lee, Inconcision, TTST, Balkrishna Heroor, Chris LaClair, Avi Yashchin, John H. Austin, Jr., OnlineBookClub.org, Matthew Gonzalez, Eric Sexton, john kiehl, Diffbot, Gnare, Dave Kircher, Burt Humburg, Blake Byers, Dumky, Evgeny Skvortsov, Meekay, Bill Linder, Paul Peijzel, Josh Hibschman, Timothy O’Brien, Mac Malkawi, Michael Schneider, jim buckmaster, Juan Benet, Ruslan Khroma, Robert Blum, Richard Sundvall, Lee Redden, Vincent, Stephen Wilcox, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Michael Krugman, Cy 'kkm' K'Nelson, Sam Lutfi, Ron Neal
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Written by Petr Lebedev, Derek Muller, Felicity Nelson and Kovi Rose
Edited by Trenton Oliver
Animation by Jakub Mistek, Fabio Albertelli, Ivy Tello, Alex Drakoulis, Nils Ramses Kullack, and Charlie Davies
SFX by Shaun Clifford
Filmed by Petr Lebedev, Derek Muller and Raquel Nuno
Photo of nitrogen deficiency in rice from https://ve42.co/rice
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images
Music from Epidemic Sound: https://ve42.co/music
J. Robert Oppenheimer forever changed the course of history. He may be the most important physicist to have ever lived. Part of this video is sponsored by Wren. Offset your carbon footprint on Wren: https://www.wren.co/start/veritasium1 For the first 100 people who sign up, I will personally pay for the first month of your subscription!
If you want to learn more about Oppeheimer, I strongly recommend the book “American Prometheus” By Kai Bird and Martin Sherwin. It is a remarkable book, very much deserving of the Pulitzer prize it received.
If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms – a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically – https://ve42.co/SnatomsV
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A huge thank you to Dr. Martin Rohde and Dr. Antonia Denkova from the TU Delft for proofreading the script and providing valuable feedback.
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References:
Bird, K., & Sherwin, M. J. (2021). American Prometheus: the triumph and tragedy of J. Robert Oppenheimer. Atlantic Books.
Smith, A. K., & Weiner, C. (1980). Robert Oppenheimer: letters and recollections. Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists, 36(5), 19-27. - https://ve42.co/Smith1980
Combes, J. M., Duclos, P., & Seiler, R. (1981). The born-oppenheimer approximation. Rigorous atomic and molecular physics, 185-213. - https://ve42.co/Combes1981
Rhodes, R. (2012). The making of the atomic bomb. Simon and Schuster.
Oppenheimer, J. R., & Volkoff, G. M. (1939). On massive neutron cores. Physical Review, 55(4), 374. - https://ve42.co/Oppenheimer1939b
Oppenheimer, J. R. (1927). Bemerkung zur Zerstreuung der α-Teilchen. Zeitschrift für Physik, 43(5-6), 413-415. - https://ve42.co/Oppenheimer1927
Oppenheimer, J. R. (1927). Zur quantenmechanik der richtungsentartung. Zeitschrift für Physik, 43(1-2), 27-46. - https://ve42.co/Oppenheimer1927b
Born, M., & Oppenheimer, R. (1927). Zur Quantentheorie der Molekeln Annalen der Physik, v. 84. - https://ve42.co/Born1927
Oppenheimer, J. R. (1928). Three notes on the quantum theory of aperiodic effects. Physical review, 31(1), 66.
Oppenheimer, J. R. (1928). On the quantum theory of the capture of electrons. Physical review, 31(3), 349.
Oppenheimer, J. R. (1931). Note on light quanta and the electromagnetic field. Physical Review, 38(4), 725.
Furry, W. H., & Oppenheimer, J. R. (1934). On the theory of the electron and positive. Physical Review, 45(4), 245. - https://ve42.co/Oppenheimer1934
Oppenheimer, J. R. (1935). Note on charge and field fluctuations. Physical Review, 47(2), 144. - https://ve42.co/Oppenheimer1935
Oppenheimer, J. R., & Snyder, H. (1939). On continued gravitational contraction. Physical Review, 56(5), 455. - https://ve42.co/Oppenheimer1939
Oppenheimer, J. R., & Phillips, M. (1935). Note on the transmutation function for deuterons. Physical Review, 48(6), 500. - https://ve42.co/Oppenheimer1935b
Malik, J. (1985). Yields of the Hiroshima and Nagasaki nuclear explosions (No. LA-8819). Los Alamos National Lab.(LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States). - https://ve42.co/Malik1985
Ignition of the atmosphere with nuclear bombs -- https://ve42.co/Konopinski46
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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Amadeo Bee, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Benedikt Heinen, Bernard McGee, Bill Linder, Blake Byers, Burt Humburg, Dave Kircher, Diffbot, Evgeny Skvortsov, Gnare, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Orlando Bassotto, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures
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Written by Petr Lebedev & Derek Muller
Edited by Trenton Oliver & Katrina Jackson
Filmed by Derek Muller
Animation by Fabio Albertelli, Ivy Tello, & Mike Radjabov
Illustration by Jakub Misiek and Celia Bode
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images & Pond5
Music from Epidemic Sound
To kickstart your business or online store with a free trial of Shopify, go to http://shopify.com/veritasium
If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms – a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically – https://ve42.co/SnatomsV
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Huge thanks to Carlo Rovelli: https://t.co/FF5ohRQB8R
And Geraint Lewis: https://www.geraintflewis.com/
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Images and references:
Holographic wormhole, via Nature - https://ve42.co/Holographic
‘Did physicists create a wormhole in a quantum computer?’ by Davide Castelvecchi, via Nature - https://ve42.co/NatureWormhole
Traversable Holographic Wormhole by Sarag Wells, via Vice - https://ve42.co/ViceWormhole
‘Quantum teleportation opens a ‘wormhole in space–time’’ by Martijn Boerkamp, via Physics World - https://ve42.co/PWTeleportation
‘Physicists Create a Holographic Wormhole’ by Natalie Wolchover, via Quanta - https://ve42.co/QuantaWormhole
‘the Smallest, Crummiest Wormhole You Can Imagine’, via The New York Times - https://ve42.co/NYTWormhole
‘How Physicists Created a Holographic, via Quanta - https://ve42.co/QuantaYTWormhole
Quantum computer imagery, via Quantumai - https://ve42.co/Quantumai
‘Nuclear fusion breakthrough’, via Sky News - https://ve42.co/SkyWormhole
‘NASA scientist explains why images from new telescope astounded him’, via CNN on YouTube - https://ve42.co/CNNWormhole
‘Neutrino Faster Than Speed of Light’, via Associated Press - https://ve42.co/APWormhole
‘Michio Kaku on Quantum Computing’, via PowerfulJRE - https://ve42.co/JRE
AskScience AMA Series, via r/askscience on Reddit - https://ve42.co/ClimateAMA
‘Professor Andrei Linde celebrates physics breakthrough’, via Stanford - https://ve42.co/AndreiLinde
‘Gravitational waves turn to dust’ by Ian Sample, via The Guardian - https://ve42.co/Waves2Dust
‘The First Room-Temperature Ambient-Pressure Superconductor’, Sukbae Lee, Ji-Hoon Kim, Young-Wan Kwon, 2023, via arXiv - https://ve42.co/Superconductor
‘What's the buzz about LK-99?’, via Global News - https://ve42.co/GlobalLK99
Meissner effect, via @andrewmccalip on Twitter - https://ve42.co/Meissner
‘Will LK99 Superconductor CHANGE THE WORLD?’, via Breaking Points on YouTube - https://ve42.co/BreakingPoints
‘Superconductor Breakthroughs’, via WSJ - https://ve42.co/WSJSuperconductor
LK99 claims forum post, via Spacebattles - https://ve42.co/KL99Forum
Copper graph, via Handbook of Electromagnetic Materials - https://ve42.co/CopperGraph
LK-99 Superconductor showing levitation - https://ve42.co/Levitation
‘Unreliable social science research’ by Cathleen O’Grady, via Science - https://ve42.co/SocialScience
Tiny Neutrinos article by Dennis Overbye, via The NYT - https://ve42.co/NYTNeutrinos
‘The Crisis in Cosmology’ by Astrophysics in Process, via Medium - https://ve42.co/CosmoCrisis
‘Some scientists speak of a “crisis in cosmology.”’ by Adam Frank, via Big Think - https://ve42.co/BigThinkCosmo
‘Why is there a 'crisis' in cosmology?’ by Paul Sutter, via Space - https://ve42.co/SpaceCosmo
‘Breakthrough in nuclear fusion, via PBS NewsHour on YouTube - https://ve42.co/PBSBreakthrough
DOE National Lab press conference, via U.S. Department of Energy on YouTube - https://ve42.co/DOEPress
‘Nuclear fusion breakthrough’ by Catherine Clifford, via CNBC - https://ve42.co/CNBCFusion
‘US officials announce nuclear fusion breakthrough’, via CNN - https://ve42.co/CNNFusion
Nuclear fusion article, via CNN - https://ve42.co/CNNNuclear
Climate catastrophe article by Robin McKie, via The Guardian - https://ve42.co/GuardianClimate
Nuclear fusion article by Nicola Davis, via The Guardian - https://ve42.co/GuardianFusion
Fusion breakthrough article, via Imperial College London - https://ve42.co/ImperialFusion
Wednesday briefing by Archive Bland, via The Guardian - https://ve42.co/GuardianBriefing
Sky Sport News Bulletin, via Sky Sport NZ on YouTube - https://ve42.co/SkyBulletin
Alien Probe Ignored Us article by Ed Maz - https://ve42.co/AlienProbe
Attempts to scan the mysterious Oumuamua 'comet' article by Shivali Best, via MailOnline - https://ve42.co/Oumuamua
‘Have Aliens Found Us?’ by Isaac Chotiner - https://ve42.co/NYTAliens
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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Amadeo Bee, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bernard McGee, Bill Linder, Burt Humburg, Chris Harper, Dave Kircher, Diffbot, Evgeny Skvortsov, Gnare, Jesse Brandsoy, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mario Bottion, Max Maladino, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures
▀▀▀
Written by Derek Muller
Edited by Peter Nelson
Filmed by Derek Muller
Produced by Derek Muller
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound
Thumbnail by Geoff Barrett
We visited the US Navy to test the best night vision goggles in the world. Head to https://brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.
If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, head to https://ve42.co/SnatomsV to try Snatoms – a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically.
Huge thanks to Dr. Ben Conley and the entire team at the Naval Surface Warfare Center, Crane Division. You can check out more of their work here: https://www.navsea.navy.mil/Ho....me/Warfare-Centers/N
Or their YouTube channel here: https://www.youtube.com/NSWCCraneDivision
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Video References:
Tyson, J. (2001). How Night Vision Works. How Stuff Works. – https://ve42.co/HSWNightVision
Montoro, H. P. Image Intensification: The Technology of Night Vision. Photonics. – https://ve42.co/PhotonicsTech
Brain Stuff - HowStuffWorks via YouTube – https://ve42.co/HSWVideo
Photonis via YouTube – https://ve42.co/Photonis
Operator Drewski via YouTube – https://ve42.co/NVGaming
Night-vision device via Wikipedia – https://ve42.co/NVWiki
Image intensifier via Wikipedia – https://ve42.co/Intensifier
Lodriguss, J. How Digital Cameras Work. AstroPix. –https://ve42.co/AstroPix
Kinka-Byo. (2019). What is the physical cause of increasing noise at high ISO? StackExchange. – https://ve42.co/PhotoISO
Macias, A. (2015). The secret NVGs SEAL Team Six wore on the Bin Laden raid. Business Insider. – https://ve42.co/BINightVision
Van Dommelen, L. Thermionic Emission. Quantum Mechanics for Engineers. – https://ve42.co/Thermoionic
Nave, R. (2016). Blackbody Radiation. HyperPhysics. – https://ve42.co/BlackBody
Night Vision Terminology - Generations. ModArmory. – https://ve42.co/ModArmory
NASA (2018). X-ray Detectors - Electrical Current Detections. – https://ve42.co/NASAXRay
Images & Video:
Osama Bin Laden report, via CNN on YouTube - https://ve42.co/CNNOBL
Sicario Night Raid Scene, via Movieclips on YouTube - https://ve42.co/Sicario
Splinter Cell footage, via Ubisoft on YouTube - https://ve42.co/SplinterCell
Step Brothers Night Vision Scene, via masusockvevo on YouTube - https://ve42.co/StepBrothers
Ukraine report, via CNN on YouTube - https://ve42.co/CNNUkraine
FLIR K2 Thermal Imaging Camera footage, via Teledyne FLIR on YouTube - https://ve42.co/FLIRK2
Chandra X-ray Observatory imagery, via NASA - https://ve42.co/NASAChandra
▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bernard McGee, Bill Linder, Burt Humburg, Chris Harper, Dave Kircher, Diffbot, Evgeny Skvortsov, Gnare, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mario Bottion, Max Maladino, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures
▀▀▀
Directed by Emily Zhang
Written by Emily Zhang and Derek Muller
Edited by Trenton Oliver
Animated by Mike Radjabov, Fabio Albertelli, and Ivy Tello
Filmed by Trenton Oliver, Emily Zhang, Derek Muller, and Raquel Nuno
Produced by Emily Zhang and Derek Muller
Thumbnail by Ren Hurley
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Pond5
Music from Epidemic Sound
Discover strange new universes that turn up at the core of Einstein’s General Relativity. Head to https://brilliant.org/veritasium to start your free 30-day trial, and the first 200 people get 20% off an annual premium subscription.
If you’re looking for a molecular modeling kit, try Snatoms – a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically – https://ve42.co/SnatomsV
▀▀▀
A massive thank you to Prof. Alex Kontorovich for all his help with this video.
A huge thank you to Prof. Geraint Lewis and Dr. Ashmeet Singh for helping us understand the applications of Non-Euclidean geometry in astronomy/cosmology.
Lastly, a big thank you to Dr. Henry Segerman and Dr. Rémi Coulon for helping us visualize what it’s like to be inside hyperbolic space and helping us understand hyperbolic geometry.
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Images:
Euclid via Science Museum Group - https://ve42.co/Euclid
Geodesy survey via ams - https://ve42.co/Geodesy
John Wheeler via NAS Online - https://ve42.co/Wheeler
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References:
Dunham, W. (1991). Journey through Genius: Great Theorems of Mathematics. John Wiley & Sons.
Bonola, R. (1955). Non-Euclidean geometry: A critical and historical study of its development. Courier Corporation.
Library of Congress. (n.d.). The Library of Congress. - https://ve42.co/LibofCongress
Euclid’s Elements, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/Elements
The History of Non-Euclidean Geometry, Extra History via YouTube - https://ve42.co/ExtraHistory
We (could) live on a 4D Pringle - Physics for the Birds via YouTube - https://ve42.co/4DPringle
Parallel Postulate, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/Parallel
Prékopa, A., & Molnár, E. (Eds.). (2006). Non-euclidean geometries: János Bolyai memorial volume (Vol. 581). Springer Science & Business Media.
St Andrews, University of. (n.d.). Bolyai. MacTutor History of Mathematics. - https://ve42.co/Bolyai
Bolyai, J. (1896). The Science Absolute of Space.. (Vol. 3). The Neomon.
Gauss, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/Gauss
Singh, U. (2022). Gauss-Bolyai-Lobachevsky: The dawn of non-euclidean geometry. Medium. - https://ve42.co/CPNonEuclidean
Landvermessung, D. Z. (1929). Abhandlungen ueber Gauss' wissenschaftliche Taetigkeit auf den Gebieten der Geodaesie, Physik und Astronomie Bd. 11, Abt. - https://ve42.co/Landvermessung
Nikolai Lobachevsky, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/Lobachevsky
Lobachevskiĭ, N. I. (1891). Geometrical researches on the theory of parallels. University of Texas.
A Problem with the Parallel Postulate, Numberphile via YouTube - https://ve42.co/NumberphileParallel
Riemann, B. (2016). On the hypotheses which lie at the bases of geometry. Birkhäuser. - https://ve42.co/Riemann
Einstein, A. (1905). On the electrodynamics of moving bodies. Annalen der physik, 17(10), 891-921. - https://ve42.co/Einstein1905
ESA/Hubble. (n.d.). Hubblecast 90: The final frontier of the Frontier Fields. ESA/Hubble. - https://ve42.co/Einstein1905
Agazie, G., et al. (2023). The NANOGrav 15 yr data set: Constraints on supermassive black hole binaries from the gravitational-wave background. - https://ve42.co/NANOGrav
Secrets of the Cosmic Microwave Background, PBS Spacetime via YouTube - https://ve42.co/PBSCMB
Wood, C. (2020). How Ancient Light Reveals the Universe's Contents. Quanta Magazine. - https://ve42.co/AncientLight
Collaboration (2014). Planck 2013 results. XVI. Cosmological parameters. A&A, 571, A16. - https://ve42.co/Planck2013
WMAP Science Team, NASA. (2014). Matter in the Universe. WMAP, NASA. - https://ve42.co/WMAP2014
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Shape of the universe, Wikipedia - https://ve42.co/UniverseShape
Crocheting Hyperbolic Planes: Daina Taimina by Ted, via YouTube - https://ve42.co/Hyperbolic
Hyperbolic Crochet model - https://ve42.co/Crochet
▀▀▀
Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Amadeo Bee, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bernard McGee, Bill Linder, Burt Humburg, Dave Kircher, Diffbot, Evgeny Skvortsov, Gnare, Jesse Brandsoy, John H. Austin, Jr., john kiehl, Josh Hibschman, Juan Benet, KeyWestr, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mario Bottion, Max Maladino, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Sam Lutfi, Stephen Wilcox, Tj Steyn, TTST, Ubiquity Ventures
▀▀▀
Directed by Casper Mebius
Written by Casper Mebius, Petr Lebedev, Emily Zhang, Derek Muller, and Alex Kontorovich
Edited by Jack Saxon
Animated by Fabio Albertelli, Ivy Tello, and Mike Radjabov
Illustrations by Jakub Misiek and Celia Bode
Filmed by Derek Muller
Produced by Casper Mebius, Derek Muller, and Han Evans
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Pond5, and by courtesy of: NASA, NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA Goddard Flight Lab/ CI Lab, NASA’s WMAP science teams, ESO, and ESA/Hubble.
Music from Epidemic Sound
Thumbnail by Ren Hurley
In this video, we dive deep into the shocking rumors surrounding OpenAI's highly anticipated GPT-5, the next generation of Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). The tech world is buzzing with excitement and apprehension, as we explore the potential impact of AGI on our society and industries.
Join us as we discuss the cutting-edge developments, the challenges that lie ahead, and why nobody is truly prepared for AGI systems. Is humanity ready for this groundbreaking leap in artificial intelligence? Watch to find out!
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Open AI’s Sam Altman - formerly CEO until his departure in November 2023 - sits down with Azeem Azhar to give his perspective on the evolution of artificial intelligence and its impact on politics, education and inequality.
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Shane Legg, the visionary founder of Deepmind has just dropped a bombshell: he envisions DeepMind achieving Artificial General Intelligence, or AGI, by the year 2028. This announcement comes as a seismic shift in the AI landscape, setting the stage for a future where machines possess human-level cognitive abilities. The implications are nothing short of revolutionary, promising to reshape industries, economies, and the very fabric of our existence!
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Every day is a day closer to the Technological Singularity. Experience Robots learning to walk & think, humans flying to Mars and us finally merging with technology itself. And as all of that happens, we at AI News cover the absolute cutting edge best technology inventions of Humanity.
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TIMESTAMPS:
00:00 AGI By 2028 confirmed
01:10 Deepmind is working towards AGI
05:04 How AGI will be created
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#deepmind #ai #agi
